Effects And Relevance Of Contractual Relationships

Effects and Relevance of Contractual Relationships in Don Quixote Contracts govern almost every aspect of friendships, marriages, and every type of relationship in modern day society. Relationships are generally seen as just a medium for two people to share their affections, not as a contract. But this viewpoint on relationships does not display all of the intricacies involved in forming and maintaining a relationship. Looking at a broader definition of a relationship as â€Å"the way in which two or more concepts, objects or people are connected, or the state of being connected† [1] allows for many reasons to be used to form, or contract, a relationship. Certain relationship contracts are legally binding, like marriage certificates and divorce filings. Other contracts are more similar to mutual agreements, where one person will perform services or alter their behavior and in return will receive something they desire from the other member of the relationship. For example, a pa rent might promise to give their child ice cream in exchange for the child receiving good grades. Also, in a marital relationship a wife may agree to do the dishes if the husband will mow the grass. Many types of contractual relationships can be seen within Miguel Cervantes’ novel Don Quixote. Many characters and stories in this novel exemplify the effects of contractual relationships and can be related to modern day relationships. A major example of contractual relationships and their effects in DonShow MoreRelatedThe Factors That Influence Companies1447 Words   |  6 Pagesthe major driver of corporate value (Leo Sweeting 2001). 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They re mostly used in building contracts or other types of arra ngements where the contract stipulates deliveryRead MoreLegal Assignment1792 Words   |  8 PagesLEGT 2741 MAJOR ASSIGNMENT The chances of successfully enforcing the contractual agreement between Casino Ltd. and its employees depends upon the issues raised, the rules and subsequent applications that could be established by the trade union against Casino Ltd. ------------------------------------------------- Issues 1. Whether Casino Ltd. (the parent company) and Caterers Ltd. (its wholly-owned subsidiary company) are considered as separate legal entities. Additionally, whether the conceptRead MorePositive Accounting Theory2262 Words   |  10 Pagesquestions – what is the effect of reported financial statements on share price, for example? For the above issue, PAT is based on assumption about the behavior of individuals: that is Manager, investors, lender and other individuals are rational, evaluative utility maximize ® (REM). Chapter 7 - Positive Theory Positive Accounting Theory This theory attempts: 1. to explain manager’s choices of accounting methods in terms of self-interest, 2. the relationships between stakeholdersRead MoreData Collection Procedures And Sample Profile1551 Words   |  7 Pagescollaboration; investing in advanced human resource practices (Collins Clark, 2003; Chen Huang, 2009); strong brand image (e.g., marketing capabilities) (Ren et al., 2015); capability (or ease) in establishing and implementing international contractual agreements (Nakos Brouthers 2002). All the aforementioned items were measured using a five-point Likert scale (1 = Did not contribute at all and 5 = Contributed very strongly). As control variables we used firms’ age, i.e., the number of yearsRead More It Outsourcing Essay1029 Words   |  5 Pagesinformation management (IM) collects the facts the company faces and design team recommendation. Then IM request for information to numerous vendors. After compare their response with evaluation checklist which includes technical, HR, financial, contractual factors, IM conclude the feasibility of outsourcing and make recommendation for management. Then, with the Management’s approval, IM start to build best-case model and contract terms while evaluate the vendors’ proposal using evaluation checklistRead MoreThe Case Of Burmah Oil Ltd V Lord Advocate2304 Words   |  10 Pagessituation needs to be taken into careful consideration, as a different set of laws can relate in different outcomes. With different outcomes, different consequences will be bestowed. Depending on which set of laws have been called upon, the after effect can vary drastica lly. It is therefore of the utmost importance that the correct set of laws are referred to in order to determine the most accurate outcome of each individual case brought forward. It has been understood for a long time that theRead MoreThe Marine Insurance Act 19063970 Words   |  16 Pagesdisclosure and misrepresentation. Historically opinion has been divided over the origins of the duty, specifically whether it arises from an implied contractual term, or from a general obligation recognised by the common law thanks to a fiduciary relationship. Authority suggests that it is an obligation that is imposed by law, not an implied contractual term. The MIA 1906 itself originally applied only to contract of marine insurance, however it was extended to all insurance contracts on the basisRead MoreThe Rights Of The State1727 Words   |  7 PagesDirectives, in this analysis, such direct and indirect effects will be analyzed and also the liability of the state [3]. 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Essay on Moral and Ethical Issues of Euthanasia - 1521 Words

Moral and Ethical Issues of Euthanasia As we all know, medical treatment can help save lives. But is there a medical treatment that would actually help end life? Although its often debated upon, the procedure is still used to help the aid of a patients death. Usually dubbed as mercy killing, euthanasia is the practice of ending a life so as to release an individual from an incurable disease or intolerable suffering (Encarta). My argument over this topic is that euthanasia should have strict criteria over the use of it. There are different cases of euthanasia that should be looked at and different point of views that should be considered. I will be looking into VE (Voluntary Euthanasia), which involves a request by the dying†¦show more content†¦In the past, a person is considered dead if the signs of pulse or breathing is absent. But in the 1960s, advance life-supporting technologies have re-defined the meaning of death. The invention of the mechanical ventilator or respirator and the heart-lung machine allowed p hysicians to revive or artificially maintain function in hearts and lung. This made bigger chances for the survival of patients. Then later in the 1980s, brain activity is added to the criteria of death. The brain acts as the center headquarters of all functioning parts of the body. The brain sends impulses through the nerve to muscles and organs. The brain also controls memory and the ability for a person to learn and react to his or her environment. The brain is divided into different parts for different functions. The front part of the brain is called the Cerebrum, which is referred to as the higher brain. This part of the brain controls the memory and thinking abilities of a person. The brainstem, composed of the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla oblangata is called the lower brain because it controls spontaneous and vegetative functions such as swallowing, yawning and sleep-wake cycles (Presidents Commission). Since respiration and circulation can be restored, therefore defining brain death or the loss of brain function is a certification of death (Encarta). The higher brain is considered to be the most important part in determining the death of a personShow MoreRelatedEthical, Moral and Religious Issues Surrounding Euthanasia Essay1214 Words   |  5 PagesMiriam-Websters online dictionary defines euthanasia as the act or practice of killing or permitting the death of hopelessly sick or injured individuals (as persons or domestic animals) in a relatively painless way for reasons of mercy. In contrast to euthanasia, the definition of assisted suicide is suicide committed by someone with assistance from another person. 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A few dilemmas include active euthanasia, influenza vaccinations, maintaining an ethical environment, keeping patients healthcare information confidential, and continuing education. Nursing and Active Euthanasia One of the more controversial issues in healthcare is active euthanasia. Active euthanasia can beRead MoreComparison Between Deontological And Teleological Approaches1276 Words   |  6 PagesStudies of Religion Introduction to Ethics essay Essay Question- â€Å"Compare and contrast deontological and teleological approaches to ethics†. At its simplest form, ethics can be defined as a system of moral principles. They affect how people make choices and lead their lives. Ethics are concerned with what is good for individuals (BBC , 2014). The term ethics comes from the Greek word ethikos, meaning ‘character’. It may be translated as ‘custom’ or ‘usage’ (Bowie Frye, 2008, p.2). There are three

Stem Cell Opposition Free Essays

The Stem Cell Research Argument: Why Stem Cell Research Has Opposition Joshua Jefferson Southern University in Shreveport Stem cell research is one of the most promising study that has been conducted in the past two decades. It has the potential to virtually wipe out the need for organ transplants, to restore motion to those suffering from paralysis, and so many other crippling diseases. Certain groups of people do not agree in the method that stem cells are collected and that causes the ethics behind this method to come into question. We will write a custom essay sample on Stem Cell Opposition or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are ways to avoid this argument all together by understanding the argument against stem cell research, avoiding that method, and then to use methods that will not go against others beliefs. Stem cell research deals with the study of how to manipulate stem cells so that they can restore an organ, to replace an organ, or to be used as a kind of patch work. The list of problems that stem cells are thought to be able to fix is endless. Stem cells are basically cells that have not started to develop into a certain kind of cell. This allows scientist to manipulate these cells so that they became what ever kind of cell that they desire. In the future, medical researchers anticipate being able to use technologies derived from stem cell research to treat a wider variety of diseases including  , Parkinson’s disease, spinal cord injuries, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and  Ã‚  damage, amongst a number of other impairments and conditions. Today they use stem cells to treat diseases like leukemia and bone marrow transplants(Weise, 2005) . The possibility of being able to just produce any type of organ and then replace the bad organ, without the wait of of an organ donor. A person would think the knowledge of this kind of work and the possibility of living a longer more comfortable life would make people to support research and to push for funding into this type of research. The reason why the funding for some research groups are not present due to the belief system of some people. There are a number of ways to obtain stem cells that are used today. The use of embryonic and adult stem cells are the two main type of stem cells that are obtained. They differ in the way they are obtained. Adult stem cells can be found in both children and adult. These stem cells rely on the already present cell population. They are also called somatic cells, these cells contain the blueprints for any cell type that exists within the region, or organ from which they came. Just like the ability to be manipulated into other cells(Weise, 2005) . The difference between these cells and embryonic stem cells is the fact that embryonic cells can make any type of cell type while adult cells can only make certain types. There is much less controversy associated with adult stem cells because there is no destruction of embryonic material. There is still opposition versus the use of adult stem cells because of how the DNA inside the cells is used. Embryonic stem cell research has the unlimited range on where it can go in the future and it is the most controversial. Embryonic stem cells can start to grow into any type of cell. This is because these cells are in the the first stage of development and have not been given instructions on what to become. These stem cells are preset when an embryo’s cells are multiplying. This would be the the first stage in a babies development. This is the reason why there is controversy surrounding embryonic research. Scientist destroy the embryo to obtain its stem cells ultimately destroying a future life. The embryos tend to be from unwanted pregnancy and would eventually breakdown because the lack of a mother to develop in. People that support certain movements like â€Å"Pro-life† are some usually do not want any kind of destruction of any kind of possible human life. The use of these stems cells should be allowed to be used , but the practice of starting off life only to destroy it is completely unethical and should not be funded by. The obtaining of stem cells just has to be reevaluated. We have to look at the other options that can help us to yield the results we want. There are a number of options that can help us obtain stem cells that can help to cure all the ailments that stem cell can help with. Also known as somatic cells, an adult cell contains the blueprints for any cell type that exists within the region, or organ from which it came. In effect, these cells have the same capabilities in terms of being able to manufacture other cell types. Somatic cell nuclear transfer, also known as therapeutic cloning, involves the use of a hollowed-out ovum cell, meaning all the original DNA material is removed. An adult cell’s nucleus, or DNA material, is then transferred into the ovum cell. Through electrical stimulation, the ovum begins to grow as if its original embryo were intact. Induced pluripotent cells are adult cells that have been genetically engineered to behave like embryonic cells(Jeanty) . This is accomplished by injecting specific genes and catalyst molecules into the DNA of an adult cell. This technique uses no embryonic stem cell materials, however the resulting cells are able to differentiate into any cell type within the body, much like embryonic stem cells can(Jeanty) . Epidermal neural crest stem cells are adult cells that form the hair follicles on the scalp. These cells are capable of generating a number of different cell types within the body. â€Å"Meanwhile, many scientists predict that induced pluripotent stem cells, or iPS cells, created by turning back the biological clock of normal adult cells, will one day supplant embryonic stem cells. †(Katherine Hobson, 2009) The list on the positive effects of stem-cell research is virtually endless. The debate is over how we harvest those stem cells. If we can find a way has virtually no ethic questions then scientist will be able to help millions of people. Reference Jeanty, J. (n. d. ). ehow. Retrieved from http://www. ehow. com/about_5675956_alternative-embryonic-stem-cell-research. html Katherine Hobson. (2009, July 02). usnews. com. Retrieved from http://health. usnews. com/health-news/family-health/heart/articles/2009/07/02/embryonic-stem-cells–and-other-stem-cells–promise-to-advance-treatments National institutes of health and human resources for stem cell research. 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Carbon dioxide free essay sample

In our lab this week we tried to see how different amounts of substrates affect our organism, yeast, in its fermentation process. Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is an organism that is cultured for the cells themselves, as well as the end products that they produce during fermentation. Yeasts are commonly known for the ethanol fermentation due to their ability to produce ethanol for industrial purposes (Collins et al. , 2004). Yeast is also well known for their role in the manufacturing of beer, wine and liquors. Another important aspect of yeasts is that their fermentation process is anaerobic so they are able to complete their process without the presence of oxygen (Collins et al. , 2004). There are two different forms of respiration for organisms that either require or do not require oxygen. The first form is cellular respiration which is aerobic, meaning oxygen is required to complete the process and at the end, lactic acid is produced. For organisms that do not have the capability of going through cellular respiration, they must use a process called fermentation which is an alternative source of enabling energy throughout an organism. The dominant difference between the two sources is the amount of ATP that is produced. Fermentation produces an extremely low amount of ATP compared to cellular respiration (Mader 140-41, 2013). The reason why fermentation produces less ATP than cellular respiration is because fermentation fails to utilize oxygen with the pairing glucose. In cellular respiration 1 mole of glucose is combined with oxygen and produces 34-36 ATP. However, it fails to produce high amounts of carbon dioxide unlike fermentation. Fermentation lacks the source of oxygen with the 1 mole of glucose and is only able to produce 2 ATP. Fermentation would have to cycle through 17 times to produce the same amount of end products that cellular respiration produces. In this experiment, we are tried to find out how to maximize the production of ethanol by evaluating different variables that are associated with fermentation. We hypothesized that by increasing the sugar concentration, it would provide more food for the yeast. As the yeast consumes more food, more CO2 (as seen through bubbles), will be produced which ultimately leads to a higher increase in the production of ethanol through fermentation. Materials and Methods: We filled a plastic bottle with 100 mL of warm tap water and added a 1% concentration of yeast (1gram) and a 3% concentration of glucose (3 grams) to the water. A manometer was used to seal the bottle and measure the number of bubble that was given off by the mixture. A warm water bath was used to maintain a temperature of 43-46 degrees Celsius. The mixture went into the warm water bath and remained there until experiment was completed (See diagram 1). We recorded the number of CO2 bubbles that were produced in five minute time increments for a half hour using an electronic bubble counter. The experimental part of the procedure was performed the same way as the controlled experiment, except the yeast to sugar ratio was changed to support our hypothesis. Instead of having a 3% concentration of glucose (3 grams), we used a 6% concentration of glucose (6 grams). Figure 1 Figure 1. The set up that was used to conduct the experiment for both the controlled and the experimental groups of the lab experiment. Results: In the controlled part of the experiment we found that in a thirty minute time span, recorded in five minute increments, sixty-one carbon dioxide bubbles were produced (See Table 1). According to the results, as time passed and the decrease of temperature, the production of carbon dioxide bubbles decreased from a starting total of fourteen to a final total of seven (See Figure 2). In the experimental part of the lab, the numbers of bubbles were recorded in the same amount of time as the controlled experiment. Throughout the entire thirty minutes, the experimental group produced a total of 206 bubbles. For the first half of the observation time, the experimental group peaked by producing forty-one carbon dioxide bubbles during the ten-fifteen minute observation time. In the second half the observation time, the production of carbon dioxide was decreased from forty-one bubble to thirty-eight. (See Figure 2). With the results we were able to see that our experimental group produced the most carbon dioxide and thus the most ethanol. Our experimental group was able to produce 206 total bubbles while the control group was only able to produce sixty-one (See Figure 3). Table 1: Number of Carbon Dioxide Bubbles Produced Table 1 reflects the number of carbon dioxide bubbles produced in the experiment. The chart provides a side by side comparison between the two different experiments. The chart also shows which lab procedure had a higher success in producing the most amount of carbon dioxide. Figure 2 In figure 2 reflects the amount of carbon dioxide bubbles produced over a thirty minute time period between a controlled lab experiment ( 1% yeast, 3% glucose) and the experimental part of the procedure (1% yeast and 6% glucose). Figure 3 Figure 3 visually represents the total number of carbon dioxide bubbles that was produced in the 30 minutes time period. The comparison is between the controlled group (3% glucose) and the experimental group (6% group). Discussion and Conclusion: For this lab experiment, we hypothesized that if we increased the amount of glucose in solution, it would result in a higher rate of fermentation, which means that it would produce more ethanol and carbon dioxide. After the two parts of the lab were conducted, we were able to find that our hypothesis held true. In the controlled lab we were only able to produce 61 bubbles of carbon dioxide. When the experimental procedure was completed, we were able to produce 206 bubbles. Thus, we can conclude from our results that due to the increase of glucose, we were successfully able to increase the rate of fermentation and thus increase the production of ethanol and furthermore carbon dioxide. When looking at other fermentation labs involving glucose and yeast, the results were almost identical with the controlled experiment but differed with the experimental. In the lab, â€Å"Fermentation, Respiration Enzyme Specificity: A Simple Device Key Experiments with yeast†, they started with a higher concentration of yeast and lower concentration of glucose. With their experiment they found that as the yeast consumes the glucose, CO2 production was increasing at a steady constant rate (Reinking et al 1994). This was different from our findings because we obtained the same results as they did, however we had a higher glucose concentration than yeast. For this lab to accurately determine which variable controls the higher rate of fermentation, multiple variables (yeast, glucose, temperature, etc. ) needed to be tested at the same time. Instead of just choosing one variable to experiment, we should have tested two or three different variables which would have given us a much wider variety of data to compare and utilize in our hypothesis. Along with multiple test substrates, multiple test runs of each substrate should have been conducted. The more tests conducted on the same substrate, the more accurate results we would have found. Being able to test different substrates for yeast fermentation at the same time is extremely important due to yeast’s industrial purposes as well as tying to utilize different fermentation techniques such as cell recycle and vacuum fermentation. . Yeast fermentation is used industrially specifically for their production of ethanol. Any industries such as the beer, wine, and liquor industry are constantly trying to determine an economically efficient way of producing ethanol (Cysewski et al 1978). If they could determine the fastest way of producing ethanol, it would give them a higher profit and be beneficial to the industry.